Stranger with a Camera Essay Example For Students

Stranger with a Camera Essay To the audience watching the film â€Å" Stranger With a Camera,† many wonder to what extent does the filmmaker, Elizabeth Barret’s personal connection to the town lead to a bias in the film? Filmmakers and paparazzi have a large amount of power because of their ability to simply alter the stories they publish. Did Barret alter the truth of what happened between Hugh O’Connor and Hobart Ison? This fact plays a key role in Elizabeth Barrets film Stranger with a Camera and allows the question to arise. Since most people take in the media with a grain of salt because the media never provides the full truth, then to what extent would the filmmakers in â€Å"Stranger with a Camera† have been able to document the stories of Hobart Ison and Hugh O’Conner and also the poverty in Appalachia without portraying a Bias? Although it may be easy to assume a bias knowing Elizabeth Barret’s personal connection to the town, in Stranger with a Camera, Barret did an excellent job at exploring the multiple perspectives of the situation in the film while keeping her views open-ended. We will write a custom essay on Stranger with a Camera specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Barret decided to include herself in the film because she was able to personally understand what was going on in the town as well as relate to the filmmaker’s dilemmas. â€Å"Stranger with a Camera† portrays a poor community in the coal-mining heart of Appalachia that attracted mass media attention that turned Appalachia into an icon in the nation’s War on Poverty. The area was analyzed thru the different cultures and how each culture collided with another. But how the town and cultures were being depicted angered many locals. There was a situation where a picture of a child was published and it gave the impression he was consuming dirt because he wasn’t fed properly. This angered the locals because everyone knew the child was actually fed properly and the media was portraying lies about the town. The town’s people were furiously angered because they knew that the stories they saw published about their community were not being portrayed truthfully and certain characteristics were being left out. When creating the film, Elizabeth Barret explored questions such as; what is the difference between how people see their home and how others represent it? As a storyteller, what are your responsibilities? Is it the filmmaker’s job to just tell what they see or give an analytical perspective? In Clifford Geertz excerpt â€Å"The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man† Geertz gives an effort to make the point that the concept of culture is the definition of man. In the essay, Geertz criticizes the popular analogy of a man and his culture as a form of an onion. Geertz gives several problems with this analogy, the most important the lack of true human and second that such universals cannot be attached to biological, psychological, or social organizations (Geertz, 38). So how does Geertz arguments relate to Elizabeth Barret’s approach in â€Å"Stranger With a Camera? † Elizabeth Barret displays how the media only cover events they want the public to see. If the eyes behind the camera feel the need to exaggerate or alter what they see through the lens, then they have the frightening capability of doing so. Barret’s approach answers the previous questioned on how things are being depicted are viewed by different audiences and Geertz arguments supports the social consequences of the two cultures collided because Geertz argues that such universals cannot be attached to social organizations, which we see from the two different cultures in the town. When it comes to the media, the consumer is typically told a stretched out and twisted version of the truth. Audiences must learn to question to what extent the material we view is believable and become comfortable with the ambivalence that comes with the media’s stories. .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .postImageUrl , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:hover , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:visited , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:active { border:0!important; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:active , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sex and the City: Feminist Fake? EssayAlong with almost everyone else, most people can personally relate to this as viewers. Growing up in a world that consists and communicates mainly through the media, one must grow up to understand that the pictures and the articles we read, are most likely not telling us the full truth. People must develop a sense of ambivalence towards the material we see in the media. The media challenges viewers to decide if what they are viewing is true of false. In Greetz excerpt, he states that culture is the central ingredient in what makes us human rather than a later added addition (Geertz, 47). We can use this claim by Geertz to analyze Elizabeth Barret’s connection to the town and its culture and how she used to portray the film. Barret lived closely to where the filmmakers were working so she was able to relate to how the local’s felt when they saw their community being dishonestly reflected in the media. Some locals were optimistic at first that the media attention would bring change or help to their town. While most others were enraged by the attention they were receiving and how their community was falsely being portrayed to the rest of the world. Barret found that the films being made of the people in Appalachia were insulting because they strictly focused on making the poor people look poorer as opposed to emphasizing the wealth of who these people were. Because of this she was able to understand where Hobert Ison’s indignation came from. Barret’s film is all about the media manipulating what they photograph therefore it makes sense in Barret’s her choice to include her own filmmaking perspectives because it gave the film a more believable aspect. Barret analyzes the conflicting perspectives from the filmmakers and the locals. Specifically, Barret displays Hugh O’Conner, the filmmaker’s intentions verses Hobert Ison, the landowner’s rage. O’Conner was very much a people person who traveled frequently. Hobert was a hunter and a good carpenter who was well respected in his town. However he was very proud of his land and did not appreciate anyone messing with it, which was exactly what O’Conner and the filmmakers did. After there had already been quite some attention brought to the town, most of the residents there were irate. Anyone who saw their home or community in the media shone in a light that they knew to be fallacious would be as well. Eventually this led to Hobert shooting and killing O’Conner with his gun because O’Conner was shooting Hobert with his camera. A quote from the film that was said by Colin Low who is part of the National Film Board of Canada said, â€Å"A camera is like a gun, it’s threatening†. The filmmakers were using their â€Å"guns† on Hobert’s land and in response he fired his gun back at them. The camera is an invasive and exploitive device. Hobert had felt invaded and threatened by the multiple cameras in his town while the filmmakers where merely doing their job to cover a story. Barret conducted multiple interviews analyzing the perspectives from O’Conner’s daughter and other filmmakers, along with the locals from the town who knew Hobert. She displayed that as the filmmakers may have been intrusive, their only task that they were attempting to accomplish was to cover a story. Hubert was undoubtedly wrong to take O’Conner’s life but pertaining to the situation however, his actions were considered understandable. Barret was successfully able to display the multiple perspectives from the story while keeping the overall perspective of the film open-ended. Barret did not forcibly set out to show the viewer why her opinionated views were right. Her main goal was simply to cover and analyze the entirety of each perspective of the situation through her film. She successfully accomplished this goal because she was able to keep the opinions open-ended and develop multiple questions for the viewer. â€Å"Stranger with a Camera† tells a story about a fatal shooting and viewers analyze what led Hobart Ison to shoot Hugh O’Connor? .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .postImageUrl , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:hover , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:visited , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:active { border:0!important; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:active , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Summary - Rachel Getting Married EssayA quote from Cifford Geertz’s excerpt says, culture provides the link between what men are intrinsically capable of becoming and what they actually, one by one, in fact become (Geertz, 52). We can use this quote to analyze why Hobart Ison decided to shoot Hugh O’Connor and the aftermath of the shooting. After Hobert had fired his gun he came to be considered a hero in that small town. Hobert was only sentenced to ten years in prison but was paroled after only one. This is strange because criminals typically serve a much more severe punishment after taking another’s life. The film stated how it was almost impossible to find a suitable jury because Hobert’s whole community rallied behind him even though he had shot someone. If someone’s life is taken out of an enraged act that draws attention to an obvious issue, then should his or her punishment be any less? Barret portrays how both sides, the filmmakers and Hobert, were pushing their limits. Barret vividly demonstrated what happens when those generic borders are pushed. The filmmakers were pushing the Hobert’s property line along with the integrity of the town. In return, Hobert definitely was pushing the boundaries of the law when he pulled that trigger. What Hobert did was wrong but in the context he got off with a rather fair punishment. Hobert knew that what the filmmakers were doing was wrong and although he had an aggressive way of dealing with it, brought attention the how bad the occurring issue was. While some may still believe Barret’s connection to the town led to a bias portrayal, Barret gives multiple angles to every story and did a respectable job at explaining the many varying sides of this one. Barret was able to capture this aspect in her film because she leaves us to question what the responsibilities of anyone who takes images of others and puts them to their own uses are.

The eNotes Blog 8 Required High School Books Youll End UpLoving

8 Required High School Books Youll End UpLoving You may or may not have been eager to read Shakespeare as a teenager, but it’s likely that the classics you encountered in high school left a lasting mark on you. The books we read in our formative years stay with us long after, often becoming lifetime favorites. The universality of our favorite required reading books is one of their best traits, and this is furthered by the fact that most of us encountered them during our teenage years. They’re required for a reason! 1. Hamlet by William Shakespeare It’s hard to get out of high school without reading any Shakespeare, and his works show us a lot about literary history. Hamlet’s characteristically indecisive nature is at once infuriating and relatable to most high school students, but we love it beyond the curriculum for its complex take on revenge and tragedy. Page count: 416 Publish date: 1603 2. Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison†¨ Ellison’s masterful novel creates an intricate web of metaphors that examine the invisibility of the black body in the US- a topic as heartbreakingly relevant today as it was during the novels publication in 1952. While many students may wrestle with the complex life of the unnamed narrator, the themes of identity and power are bound to leave a lasting effect on readers. Page count: 192 Publish date: April 14, 1952 3. Lord of the Flies by William Golding†¨ This novella examines the notion of civilization and its potential to degrade in many situations. The more dramatic points, such as Simons and Piggy’s deaths, are intensely memorable. We love this novella for its ability to remind us that civilization is not inherent, which is a revolutionary and rebellious, but crucial, notion. Page count: 182 Publish date: 1954 4. The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger†¨ One of the most divisive books of the required reading genre, Salinger’s solitary novel remains a favorite to many people after high school graduation. The story follows distraught-and-disillusioned-teen Holden Caulfield as he works through ideas of identity and loss while making a solo journey through New York City. Holdens journey takes on different meanings to different generations, and the gravity of his coming-of-age experience resonates especially well with teenagers. Page count: 277 Publish date: July 16, 1951 5. The Crucible by Arthur Miller†¨ Arthur Miller’s play examines the rise of McCarthyism through an allegorical lens: the Salem witch trials. This work is particularly valuable in the classroom, because it teaches about two significant points in American history at once. The play also serves as a cautionary tale in many ways, warning against the pull of group hysteria and advocating for the value of truth. Page count: 143 Publish date: January 22, 1953 6. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald In what many consider to be the classic American novel, Fitzgerald unpacks the idea of the American dream. You may have been excited to read this book given the glitz and glamour that the 1920s setting implies. Hopefully, even after the sparkle wears off as you get further into Gatsby’s life, the depth of the book still held you. The Great Gatsby remains well-loved, even outside of the classroom, as its brutally honest debunking of the American dream rings true across generations. Page count: 182 Publish date: April 10, 1925 7. The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Gregor Samsa’s transformation into a ungeziefer (a German word which roughly translates to â€Å"vermin† or â€Å"insect†- an incredibly insulting term) tells a larger story about class relations. This novella hooks younger readers in with its dark yet whimsical plot as well as one of the most well-known opening lines in fiction: â€Å"As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.†   You may have been surprised or even confused when Gregor’s sweet sister turns on her transformed brother, making the story’s ultimate message about work and societal value that much more potent. Page count: 201 Publish date: 1915 8. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee†¨ Voted as America’s favorite book, Lee’s debut masterpiece sells millions of copies each year to this day. We love To Kill a Mockingbird now just as much as we did in high school for its power to affect the reader with a deep sense of empathy and compassion. This book remains talked about and studied for a multitude of reasons, even in recent times- a testament to the nuance of one of the most-readable required books. Page count: 324 Publish date: July 11, 1960

Zeus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Zeus - Research Paper Example His ways are inscrutable and his mind too is opaque, but given that the literature says that all things happen only because Zeus allow them to happen. Conversely that nothing comes to pass without him. This is true for instance as a view of Zeus as reflected in Aeschylus plays, in particular in the ‘Agamemnon’. He is all seeing, and he is the one who is at the back of everything that transpires not only among men but among gods too. He is the supreme ruler in Greek mythology (Dowden 3). The inscrutable aspect of Zeus is affirmed in the literature, from Homer to Aeschylus to the various philosophers who tried to decipher his nature and failed Instead he is portrayed as having very human qualities and traits, including those traits that are in the realm of the baser aspects of human nature, such as lust, and the propensity for rage, and for revenge for different kinds of slights. On the other hand, his power is supreme over all things on heaven and on earth, and the ways of the universe themselves are a testament to his brand of justice and the immensity of his power. On the other hand, that power is seen as being wielded by a god who is at times filled with whimsy, or so as it is interpreted by human beings (Dowden 4). The mythological stories from ancient Greece tell us that Zeus was born in Crete, to Rhea and to Kronos,who tried to swallow him whole, but who was prevented from doing so by his own wife. This Rhea did by swapping the young Zeus with a stone. The Curetes, dancing wildly to mask the cries of the young Zeus, prevent the father from hearing the baby Zeus. They become Zeus’ guardians, together with Amaltheia, a goat, Kronos is bound, but the Titans try to launch a counter-revolt known as the Titanomachy, to shore up Kronos’ hold on power, and the Titans were essentially held and confined to Tartarus. Other revolts were likewise quelled, including those by the giants, and those like Typhon the

Criminology 1 question dark figure of crime Essay

Criminology 1 question dark figure of crime - Essay Example Many of undisclosed as well as unreported crime to the authority lead to unresolved issues within a society hence portraying unreliability both in the governance as well as to a given society. The United States of America uses two major crime data collection in their statistics. These methods include the national Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the uniform crime reports. The FBI crime department in United States of America majorly uses the Uniform Crime Reports system of data collection of crime. The FBI to detect crimes on murder, rape cases, robbery, burglary, aggravated assault, as well as theft of vehicles uses this system of data collection. However, UCR data collection system has been re defined by FBI agency in United States of America. Meanwhile National Incident-Based Reporting system crime information system is another system that is used by FBI, having been revised from UCR as from 1980s.It majorly works based on justice systems characteristics, public attitudes on crime, persons arrested, known offenses, judicial defendant processes as well as supervision correction (Russell & Milovanovic, 2001). The ability of UCR system is that it only allows eight tracks of crimes to be detected while NIBRS tracks 46 crimes simultaneously. However, the arrests within UCR system have specific report on the incident that has happened while the counterpart contains more information arrests on each of the incident done per timeline. Meanwhile, UCR system of crime data collection mostly reports domestic violence giving less concern on simple assault unlike in the NIBRS system of crime data collection. The worse of all in the UCR system is that if a matter is about murder, the system only reports a single incident while the other system reports multiple offenses in relation to the victims and offenders. NIBRS system of crime data collection in regards to dark figure of crime is a new methodology of uniform crime report

Impact of Alcohol Misuse on Parenting Capacity

Impact of Alcohol Misuse on Parenting Capacity Introduction: Alcohol and substance abuse has been found to adversely affect the ability of parents to attend to the emotional, developmental and physical necessities of children. Several governmental and health policies have provisions of services to support parents who engage in substance misuse or neglect children (NHS, 2005). Most research focus on the implications of mothers using drugs and the usual treatment method is counselling or residential programmes. Very few research studies have evaluated the impact of substance misuse on parenting capacity along with other disadvantageous conditions such as poverty and unemployment. For parental support services confidentiality is maintained about the parental condition although children often get to know of their parents’ misuse and may feel a sense of shame at their parents condition and at the same time have a fear of being separated from their parents (Barnard, 1999). A recent government framework document has defined parenting capacity as ‘the ability of parents or caregivers to ensure that the child’s developmental needs are being appropriately and adequately responded to, to be able to adapt to the child’s changing needs over time.’ The child’s needs include providing the basic physical needs as well as ‘ensuring the child’s emotional needs are met and giving the child a sense of being specially valued’. According to the Department of Health, ‘Securing the wellbeing of children by protecting them from all forms of harm and ensuring their developmental needs are responded to appropriately are primary aims of Government policy. Local authority social services departments working with other local authority departments and health authorities have a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area who are in need and to promote the upbringing of such children, wherever po ssible by their families, through providing an appropriate range of services’(Department of Health, 2000). Promoting the child’s intellectual development is also an important aspect of parenting as the child can develop only through encouragement and stimulation and through demonstrating and modelling control of inappropriate emotions and showing acceptable social behaviour providing a stable family environment. Thus adequate parenting capacity involves attending to the emotional, intellectual and physical needs of a child and promoting a healthy and supportive family environment (Children Act, 1989) Substance misuse, as identified by governmental health department covers both drug and alcohol misuse which is considered to have an adverse impact on the health and behaviour of parents and also on the lives and emotions of the children (Sher 1991). Excessive alcohol consumption severely affects the behaviour of the person who engages in drinking although there are differences in social perception of drug and alcohol use. Drug abuse carries with it more social stigma than alcohol misuse and may be consequently concealed from the family. In this essay we would give a statistical report on the nature and extent of substance misuse especially in Scotland and provide Scottish executive guidelines for child care in cases of parental substance misuse. The impact of parental alcohol misuse has been discussed in detail along with protective measures and social care policies that can provide adequate care to the vulnerable children. The Problem of Alcohol Misuse Alcohol misuse however causes substantial deaths, injuries and health problems and rates of drinking are high in the UK, within Wales and Scotland as well (NHS, 2005). In 1996, an estimated 27% male and 14% females drank beyond limits. 6% of men and 2% of women drink at levels which are considered dangerous. The age at which young people begin drinking is also decreasing rapidly (Department of Health, 2000). Alcohol consumption is the major factor in causing injuries and has been associated with most accidents and drowning deaths. Alcohol also causes significant health problems associated with hypertension, haemorrhages, stroke, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, alcohol dependence as well as social and behavioural problems. Is has been reported that in Accidents and Emergency departments, 80% of people admitted have alcohol related problems (NHS, 2005). Educational messages, informational campaigns and personal behavioural-change interventions are important in raising awarenes s on the potential dangers of alcohol and the importance of maintaining safe limits in alcohol consumption. Minimal or brief interventions are given at a primary care level and trained nurses provide care and support which are sometimes quite effective in reducing drinking. Family social learning and family social processes are an important influence on adolescent alcohol misuse and more research may be necessary to understand the effectiveness of including family members in group alcohol prevention programmes and the role of parenting skills in prevention of alcohol misuse (Kroll, 2004). The workplace can be another influential factor in reducing or increasing alcohol consumption. Interventions for behavioural modification have to be related to workplace alcohol consumption policy. The UK home office suggests that Rights and responsibilities in relation to alcohol are important in a Government’s approach to alcohol. Although most people drink responsibly but there is general agreement that the scale of disorder fuelled by alcohol is also quite high. According to the Home Office, in 2002/03, 1.2million violent crimes were alcohol related and 44% of all violent crime was fuelled by alcohol. 35% of all attendances at hospital accident and emergency departments are related to alcohol as are 70% of those which occur between midnight and 5 am (Home Office report, 2005). One in five violent incidents due to over-consumption of alcohol takes place around pubs or clubs. All this involves a high cost with crime and disorder resulting in losses of up to  £7.3 billion in a year. According to the NHS – Alcohol Misuse, Chief Nursing Officer Bulletin, 2005. According to Scottish executive 2001, there may be certain differences between alcohol misuse, alcohol problems and alcoholism. The term ‘alcohol misuse’ might refer to a less serious or frequent problem than alcoholism as it may not refer to any addiction but on having alcohol for the sake of it. Alcohol misuse has been largely associated with over-consumption or binge drinking which may be different from habitual consumption. Social or medical services related to alcohol consumption are perceived as curative rather than preventative and people generally seek help after becoming dependent on alcohol and not prior to this. Alcohol problems are associated with daily life problems that begin to take over a person’s life and begin to affect personal behaviour. Alcohol dependency is sometimes seen as an alcohol problem although alcohol problem is more defined not by the amount of alcohol being consumed but by the impact it has on the lives of people around a person wh o engages in such habits. However alcohol physical and emotional dependency is related to alcoholism rather than alcohol misuse or alcohol problems and alcoholics are usually the ones who tend to hide their problems and their dependency which is usually marked by physical helplessness. Extreme misuse of alcohol is again seen as alcoholism although some service providers use the term ‘alcoholic’ with some discretion as some patients may be less comfortable with the term which may even be harmful and detrimental to treatment. Statistics on Alcohol Misuse – The following interesting statistics have been provided by Scottish Executive Publications on Alcohol Misuse: Source: Scottish Executive Publications – Statistics on Alcohol Misuse. Table 1 Casualties which involved motor vehicle drivers or riders with illegal alcohol levels by severity of accident, Scotland *above current drink-drive limit of 80mg alcohol per 100ml of blood [Road Accidents Scotland 2000 SE 2001] The severity of the problem of alcohol consumption could be seen from the report presented which indicates that alcohol related deaths, violence, mental illness, emergency admissions and road accidents have all gone up in the last few years with the UK alcohol consumption also showing a steep rise in the late 90s and early 2000. These problems are especially reflected in parental alcohol consumption cases which have severe adverse impacts on children. Promoting Child Welfare – The Perspective from Scottish Executive The Scottish Executive documents provide the following vision for the welfare of Scottish children: ‘A Scotland in which every child matters, where every child, regardless of his or her family background, has the best possible start in life’. Two important documents have been released for these purposes. ‘For Scotland’s Children’, which was published in 2001, gave advice on how better to integrate children’s services and the ‘Report of the Child Protection Audit and Review 2002’, aimed to improve services for children who experience abuse or neglect at home or elsewhere. The Child Protection Review (2002) states: â€Å"The problems of neglect and problem drug or alcohol use are often related, particularly where household finances are spent on drink or drugs, or the behaviour of the parents or their associates impact on the child’s welfare. Some problems are intergenerational, particularly neglect. We have concerns about the future well being of a large number of children who are now being born into drug misusing families, and ensuring their better protection must be a priority.† Child Protection Committees, Drug/Alcohol Action Teams, and agencies involved in preparing Children’s Service Plans should ensure that all agencies agree on how they will work together to protect children, support families and provide appropriate services (Daniel, 2004). Tackling all kinds of substance misuse is a high priority for the people of Scotland and the Scottish Executive and all methods need to be developed according to Scottish National strategies. One such strategy is Tackling Drugs in Scotland: Action in Partnership and the Plan for Action on Alcohol Problems. Scottish Executive Committee recognises that although not every family with substance misuse experience difficulties, parental substance misuse can have significant and damaging consequences for children at home. The Committee proposes that such children are entitled to help, support and protection even within their own families although sometimes help from agencies are necessary for their safety and security. Parents are also required to support their children and help children to overcome their problems by promoting children’s full potential. The national drugs strategy calls for agencies to assess the needs of children who are neglected by parents on drug misuse and help provide services to these children for their safety and welfare. The Scottish executive has provided guidance to all Drug Action Teams and Child Protection Committees and encouraged these organisations to have local policies on support to help children of drug misusing parents. Within the specified Alcohol Plan for action, children of problem drinkers are also identified as a group with specific needs. Drug and Alcohol Action Teams look at the needs of children whose parents misuse alcohol. The main tenets of the Scottish Executive are given as follows: 1. Children’s welfare is the most important consideration; 2. It is everyone’s responsibility to ensure that children are protected from harm; 3. We should help children early and not wait for crises – or tragedies – to occur; and 4. We must work together, in planning and delivering services, in assessment and care planning with families, and in multi-disciplinary training. According to the Scottish executive, as there is currently, no national database of problem alcohol users in Scotland, data on alcohol use come from a number of sources: †¢ in 2000, 26% of all women and 44% of all men drank more than twice the daily benchmark on their heaviest drinking day †¢ the proportion of women aged 16-64 drinking more than the weekly recommended limits increased from 13% to 15% from 1995 to 1998 †¢ young people, aged 16-24, in Scotland are drinking more; average weekly consumption in young people aged 16-24 has risen from 1995-1998 for both sexes †¢ men living in the most deprived areas of Scotland are seven times more likely to die an alcohol-related death than those in the least deprived areas †¢ 72% of victims of violent crime reported that their assailant was under the influence of alcohol Recent estimates has also suggested that 40,000-60,000 children in Scotland are affected by their parents’ drug use and 80,000-100,000 are affected by parental alcohol misuse. The following examples give data from two urban areas – Glasgow and Dundee – I A local study of children’s cases, in which Glasgow City Council had sought Child Protection Orders between 1998 and 1999, found that of 111 Orders made on children in 62 families, 44 (40%) cited drug-related risk. 47 of the children were named on the local child protection register, 27 because of concerns about neglect and 16 for physical injury (Quinlan, 2000 cited in Scottish Executive 2002). Source: Scottish Executive II- In Dundee the proportion of children subject to child protection case conferences whose parents were recorded as having problems with alcohol and/or drug misuse, rose from 37% in 1998/1999 to 70% in 2000. Of the 30 children on the child protection register in October 2000, 53% had parents with problems associated with drug and/or alcohol misuse. Source: Scottish Executive The Impact of Parent’s Substance Misuse on Children According to Mountenay (1998) parental substance misuse is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of problems in children. However, alcohol and substance misuse greatly increases the risks of family problems and substance misuse in parents can become a focal issue of life and social behaviour of children at home. Mountenay (1998) has further claimed that long term drug or alcohol misuse in parents lead to deteriorating mental health and permanent mental problems for children. Alcohol dependence causes severe problems in households and the fact that drug use is illegal can cause similar problems among children who perceive the problems of their parents with considerable shame and disgust. The problem of children is however mainly ill-researched and less known and they are seen as hidden tragedies or unseen casualties (Wilson, 1982) Due to parental substance misuse, children may be at high risks of maltreatment, emotional and physical neglect, family conflict and inappropriate parental behaviour (Barlow, 1996). Children may be exposed to or get associated with drug or alcohol related crimes and as a consequence they are more likely to show behavioural problems and experience social stigma and isolation and may also themselves become substance mis-users as adults. Since parents on drugs and alcohol spend a lot of time on buying, assessing or obtaining these substances, their emotional or social relationships with their children are hampered as they do not have much time or availability for their children. This problem is especially acute in single parent household and in economically deprived areas, especially when there is no support from relatives or family members. Households in which drug or alcohol abuse is common is characterised by violence, criminal activity and poor or unstable environments. Drug or alcohol dependent parents ultimately make poor relationships and have strained and conflictual relationships with their children. Parents may fail to keep up or perform their parental duties and provide ineffective supervision, inconsistent care or overly punitive or strict discipline which may strain their relations with the children. There may be deficiencies in parenting skills of parents which may in turn have been imbibed from the parents of the drug users who served as poor role models. Barlow (1996) claimed that children of drug using parents may in the long term show serve social and motional difficulties, and may show strong reactions against change, isolation, with difficulty in learning, problems with social humour and estrangement and isolation from family and peers. However the impact of parental alcohol or drug misuse varies according to the age of children and according to which developmental stage they are in. The impact also depends on abilities of children. Children with physical or learning disabilities or with some health problems may be more vulnerable to emotional difficulties due to their parents’ conditions and parents involved in substance misuse may have difficulties in understanding these especially sensitive children or meeting their needs. Thus assessment of care quality and parental support should always consider each child individually. Infants in their pre-school years and babies in general are particularly vulnerable to effects of physical and emotional injury and neglect and this can have damaging effects on their long term development and social adjustment. Neglect can happen when the parent in care is in an alcoholic or drugged condition and unaware of the child’s needs or reactions. Parental commitment to care for children is severely affected when in drugged or alcoholic condition and can lead to inappropriate responses to the questions or concerns of the child. The parents in drugged or alcoholic state may be unhappy, tensed or irritated and can even injure or harm the child under the influence of such conditions (Forrester, 2000). Poor and inconsistent parenting damages the attachment process and unpredictable parental behaviour hinders the child’s cognitive and emotional development. Substance misuse is usually an expensive vice and there may be financial demands on the parents which mean mon ey would be wasted and not used appropriately to improve a child’s material environment. Physical or emotional rejection in such household can prevent children from developing a positive sense of self esteem or even a sense of identity and children may have their physical needs neglected and tend to remain unwashed, uncared and unfed (Sher, 1991). Children may be beaten up and be subjected to direct physical violence and by witnessing direct domestic abuse, they may themselves learn inappropriate behaviour which may take the form of post traumatic stress disorder in which they display emotional symptoms if parental behaviour becomes unpredictable and frightening. Older or primary school children are at increased risks of injury and they may show symptoms of fear of hostility with parents and also anxiety. The gender of the children play an important role and girls may show different reactions to such parental behaviour than boys. Although boys tend to show behavioural problems like aggressiveness, girls can be equally affected. At this stage, poor parental supervision and parental neglect or disinterest can lead to failure in academic attainment and children’s attendance to school can become irregular or erratic. Separation from parents can also cause distress and disrupt social behaviour and academic achievement (Kroll, 2004). Parental behaviour can lead to feelings of embarrassment and shame in these individuals and may be responsible for making children socially isolated for fear of humiliation by friends. Children can also start taking responsibilities for themselves and their younger siblings and may become too independent trying to move away from home and family life. Children and adolescent with drug or alcohol problems at home may not attend school and become delinquent. They may become isolated with no friends, may reject family altogether and experience significant disruption in their education (McKeganey et al, 2002). Without parental support children at adolescence and puberty may have to face increased problems although they may become increasingly beyond parental control. Sexual aggression, bullying tendencies and emotional disturbances may accompany concerns of shame and embarrassment in children to compensate physical neglect by parents. Children with parental substance misuse might develop an early problem of drug and alcohol abuse themselves. Chandy et al (1993) discuss that children of alcoholics constitute an at-risk population and their study attempted to understand the impact of parental alcohol misuse on school performance of children. They used a sample of 838 teenagers from alcohol misusing parents and found that these teenagers performed significantly poorer in all the six measurements of school performance. The study identified that the teenagers who did perform well in school said that their parents have high expectations of them and these teenagers rated themselves highly in terms of health and also claimed to be religious and thus religiousness and parental expectations could be considered as protective factors as identified in this study. In another study by CoSandra et al. (2000) the effects of parental alcohol use on African American and White adults were studied. The study results indic

K Pop Invasion

 ·Jealous Jealous of the girl who caught your eye One of my darker days When you looked at her where was I? Shoulda been in her place, here I am All alone imagining what could have been If I had been there Jealous of the one whose arms are around you If she's keeping you satisfied Jealous of the one who finally found you Made your sun and your stars collide La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl La la la la la la la Jealous of the one who won your heart They say it's a perfect match She's gonna get to be where you are And I don't get better than that She'll say you're fine Whisper words I wish were mineAnd they might have been If I had been there Jealous of the one whose arms are around you [ From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/n/nina-lyrics/jealous-lyrics. html ] If she's keeping you satisfied Jealous of the one who finally found you Made your sun and your stars collide La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl La la la la la la la You know I'd fight the good fight If I thought I'd change your mind But if she makes you happy I would leave that dream behind Man, she better treat you right And give you everything ‘Cause at the moment she doesn't I'll be waiting in the wings Jealous of the one whose arms are around youIf she's keeping you satisfied Jealous of the one who finally found you Made your sun and your stars collide La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl La la la la la la la La la la la la la la She's a very, very lucky girl  ·We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together I remember when we broke up the first time Saying, â€Å"This is it, I've had enough,† 'cause like We hadn't seen each other in a month When you said you needed space. (What? ) Then you come around again and say â€Å"Baby, I miss you and I swear I'm gonna change, trust me. † Remember how that lasted for a day? I say, â€Å"I hate you,† we break up, you call me, â€Å"I love you. â€Å"Oooh we called it off again last night But oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Like, ever†¦ I'm really gonna miss you picking fights And me, falling for it screaming that I'm right And you, would hide away and find your peace of mind With some indie record that's much cooler than mine Oooh, you called me up again tonight But oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you We are never ever ever getting back togetherWe are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me (talk to me) But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Oooh yeah, oooh yeah, oooh yeah Oh oh oh I used to think that we were forever ever And I used to say, â€Å"Never say never†¦ † Uggg, so he calls me up and he's like, â€Å"I still love you,† And I'm likeâ € ¦ â€Å"I just†¦ I mean this is exhausting, you know, like, We are never getting back together. Like, ever† No! We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to meBut we are never ever ever ever getting back together We, ohhh, getting back together,ohhh, We, ohhh, getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me (talk to me) But we are never ever ever ever getting back together  ·Awake With every appearance by you Blinding my eyes, I can hardly remember The last time I felt like I do You? re an angel disguised And you? re lying real still But your heartbeat is fast just like mine And the movie? s long over That? s three that have passed, one more? s fine Will you stay awake for me? I don? t wanna miss anything I don? t wanna miss anything I will share the air I breatheI? ll give you my heart on a string I just don? t wanna miss anything I? m trying real hard not to shake I? m biting my tongue but I? m feeling alive And with every breath that I take I feel like I? ve won You? re my key to survival And if it? s a hero you want [. From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/s/secondhand-serenade-lyrics/awake-lyrics. html . ] I can save you, just stay here Your whispers are priceless Your presence is too so please stay here Will you stay awake for me? I don? t wanna miss anything I don? t wanna miss anything I will share the air I breathe I? ll give you my heart on a string I just don? t wanna miss anythingSay my name, I just want to hear you Say my name, so I know it's true You? re changing me, you? re changing me You showed me how to live, so just say, so just say That you? ll stay awake for me I don? t wanna miss anything I don? t wanna miss anything I will share the air I breathe I? ll give you my heart on a string I just don? t wanna miss anything  ·Inside My Heart I am nobody with no sense at all Pale as the mountain, cold as the shore Tried reminiscing, alone imagining What if I come to you? Then I stood up making the hours Gazing the sunsets, watching the stars.. Sparkling, smiling hello to my eyes. These as you come to meChorus: Inside my heart is you No greater love, no one above you Inside my heart is you Stay in love always, as I live in your ways Coz, inside my heart is you.. Play with the raindrops, lie on the sand (From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/f/frencheska-farr-lyrics/inside-my-heart-lyrics. html) Sail through the ocean, chasing the clouds Showed me completely what life is about†¦ I left with no worries flying so high (Repeat chorus) The end of all waiting, my new beginning Coz you have loved me this way. Inside my heart is you (oohh) No greater love no one above you ( no one above you†¦ oohh) Inside my heart is youStay in love always, as I live in your ways Coz, inside my heart is you.. Now I know the meaning Its love you creating The love in my heart is you†¦ Ins ide my heart is you..  ·Baby Baby [TAEYEON] Dorineun mam goma oon mam gadeukhi damaso Jelyebeun pojak soge (jonhago shipeunde) [YURI] Anilgoya ooseulgo ya ungdoonghan sang sang daemooneh Mae il miruneun babo (wae nagat janh ge) [JESSICA] Neul ootdon moseub neega nae mam hoob chingo [SUNNY] Gong maro numoo malo andweneunde [ALL] Please baby baby baby geu dae ga nae aneh [SEOHYUN] Numoo do gipi deurowa bo ilga iron nae sujubeun gobaek [ALL] Baby baby baby salmyo shi dagaga [SOOYOUNG]Jakeun mogsoriro gaga ee noman deurige malhae joolgeh [YOONA] Dab dab han mam mianhan mam onjenga jonaejool Mae il sahyo ganeun sunmool (jonhago shipeunde) [TIFFANY] Anilgo ya shireulgoya Geunyang nalpyon han chingu ee sangeun joldae anya (geuromyun ajae? ) [SUNNY] Neul otneun moseub nimam hoob chigo shipo [TAEYEON] Jongmaro numoo deulryo jugo shipo [ALL] Please baby baby baby geudaega nae aneh [From: http://www. elyrics. net/read/g/girls_-generation-lyrics/baby-baby-lyrics. html ] [JESSICA] Numoodo gipi deurowa bo il ga iron nae sujubeun gobaek [ALL] Baby baby baby sal myo shi dagaga [HYOYEON] Boodeuron noon ooseum euro noye momeh seumyo algoya [SEOHYUN] Sashil nudo algo nagagaji mothaneun nal [JESSICA] Oneu saenga naege no daga ogo itneungol [TAEYEON] Pogeunhan geu poomeuro nal gok anajwo [ALL] Please baby baby baby geudaega nae aneh [YURI] Numoo do gipi deurowa bo il ga iron nae sujubeun go baek [ALL] Baby baby baby sal myo shi dagaga [YOONA] Jakeun mogsoriro gaga ee noman neurige malhae jooleh [ALL] Please baby baby baby naega geudae aneh [TIFFANY] Sojong han sarang maneuro gadeugi chaewo nogo shipungolyo [ALL] Baby baby baby ijeneun geudaeye [TAEYEON] Nugodo boorubji anheul gajang yebeun yoja chinguya [ALL] Please baby baby baby

The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas

Abstract IntroductionBackgroundThe nature of the environment in which a business operates determines how it engages other players in the sector. This, therefore, determines the types of contracts that businesses get into. The oil and gas industry relies on contracts to carry out its activities just like other business entities do. The oil and gas industry mainly engages production sharing contracts, driven by the numerous stakeholder interests the sector has.Research TopicThe Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas (Case Study of Sonangol, an Angolan Oil Company)AimThe aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of production sharing contracts in the oil and gas industry, with particular interest in Sonangol, an oil company in Angola.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are: To determine the nature of the oil and gas business in Africa To determine the types of contracts administered in the oil and gas sector To determine the share of production sharing contracts relative to other types of contracts To establish the reasons for adoption of production sharing contracts at SonangolResearch questionsWhat types of contracts does Sonangol engage Are production sharing contracts prevalent at Sonangol Why does Sonangol adopt production sharing contracts What benefits and challenges do Sonangol get by using production sharing contracts Literature ReviewKey WordsContracts, Production Sharing Contracts, Effects, Prevalence, Economics, International Oil Companies, National Oil Companies, AngolaKey LiteratureBindemann, K., 1999. Production Sharing Agreements: An Economic Analysis This source touches on the economics of production sharing agreements with reference to oil and gas in Angola and the Middle East. Bindemann, K. 2000. The Response of Oil Contracts to Extreme Price Movements. Discussion Paper. Department of Economics (University of Oxford). Fattouh, B. and Darbouche, H., 2010. North African oil and foreign investment in changing market conditions. Energy Policy, 38(2), pp.119-1129.Gaps in literatureMost literature refers to situations in North Africa and the Middle East and not Angola or Sonangol. Most available literature is more than five years old. Chances are that the conditions have changed, rendering them irrelevant to current circumstances This section presents an analysis of existing literature on Oil and Gas in Africa and Angola in particular, while studying the types of contracts that oil and gas companies utilize. This is broken down into subtopics as follows:Oil and gas in AfricaThis section provides a general overview of the oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, countries, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Africa Challenges in the African oil and gas industryOil and gas in AngolaThis section provides an overview of the Angolan oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Angola Challenges in the Angolan oil and gas industry Merits of oil and gas to the Angolan EconomyContracting in the oil and gas industryTypes of contracts administered in the global oil and gas industry Comparison between contracting in Africa and the Middle EastProduction Sharing Co ntractsIdentify the parties involved Terms and conditions Benefits/demeritsContracting at Sonangol (Types of contracts)Encompasses all types of contractual agreements Sonangol engages Criteria Sonangol uses to select the type of contractual agreements it uses Ratio of contracts based on typeProduction sharing contracts at SonangolThe nature of production sharing contracts at Sonangol Parties involved Responsibility Terms and conditions Research Methodology The study will follow the constructivist approach and rely on the analysis of secondary data that will be obtained both from the private and public domain. Of particular interest will be records from Sonangol and researches published in journals. The research will use catalogues to locate relevant books and indexes to locate appropriate periodicals. In addition, the study will use the Internet to find relevant electronic resources and databases. An analysis of the books, periodicals, and databases would follow to ascertain the authority and quality of information. Data analysis will be quantitative. Findings i.Reasons for the adoption of production sharing contracts at Sonangolii.Advantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol iii.Disadvantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol iv.Comparison between production sharing contracts and other types of contracts at SonangolDiscussion Discuss the reasons for the prevalence of production sharing contracts at Sonangol, their merits, demerits, and challenges. Conclusion Summary of the suitability of production sharing contracts at Sonangol. Are they the best for the oil and gas industryShould they be upheld? References List of all works cited in the study Appendices Relevant documents, tables, and graphs