What Is Cost Minimization

Reflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology - 950 Words

Reflection Paper #2 In this second unit of Psychology, it was fascinating to focus in on how we as humans learn behaviors, and what can cause us to each function differently in similar situations. Many scientists from the early 20th century have contributed to what we know today about the brain and how it responds to sensations, perceptions, hearing, and conditioning. Some concepts that were most applicable to my everyday life and that I enjoyed learning about were the sensory systems, associated learning, and what Pavlov did for the field of Psychology. What struck me about the sensory systems was all the different things that went into it. There are so many different moving parts: stimuli, absolute and difference threshold, and transduction. I find this particularly interesting because different people, even though they are experiencing the â€Å"same† situation, have stimuli that respond differently. I have always had a high tolerance for spicy foods, and while some of my f amily members pour gallons upon gallons of milk down their throat, I’m asking for a second serving. This is due to different people having more active tastebuds that are more sensitive to heat than my own, therefore sending more stimuli to the brain. It is also interesting that some people have stronger receptors in the olfactory bulb than others, called â€Å"hyperosmia.† Both of my parents have this, and I know understand why they can not handle hardly any air freshener, perfume, or cologne. Even if we happenShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology999 Words   |  4 Pagesof consciousness, an internal monologue that contributes to one’s own decision making. The idea was credited to Wilhelm Wundt, and his student Edward B. Titchener. Wilhelm Wundt was a German psychologist and founder of modern psychology who established the first psychology lab. Edward B. Titchener was a student of Wilhelm Wundt, who introduced structuralism and the schoo l of thought. Introspections helped with my decision to go to college through a mental contrast and comparison, and the durationRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology1094 Words   |  5 Pages Taking Introduction to Psychology has given me the opportunity to examine myself. As I learned about concepts in class I found myself asking, â€Å"How does this apply to my life?† Soon, I grew cognizant that the curriculum was not a study in psychological diseases or a discussion of the abstract subconscious. It was exposure to constructs affecting my daily emotions, thoughts, and stresses. The areas of Psychology that push me toward my future goals and explain who I am today are my nurture, growthRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology1135 Words   |  5 Pagesmy final project, I interviewed a professional with PhD in Psychology. However, the person I interviewed did not pursue a psychology job afterwards. Instead, he decided to pursue a job in the IT technologica l field. Throughout the interview, I asked questions about the hardships and dedication towards the Psychology field. Before summarizing the interview, I also decided to ask my Aunt, who graduated with her Bachelor s degree in Psychology in Minnesota State University, Mankato. During the interviewRead MorePsychology Reflection Paper2009 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Throughout my life I have been known to push people away who are not like me and even though I saw myself doing it, I did not try to make a change until taking this course. Psychology has given me a better understanding of different people’s situations and spreading this information can prevent people from ignorantly judging others, something many of us are guilty of. Numerous problems in my life are starting to turn around because my new knowledge has led me to handle them ratherRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology Of Women1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: SELF-REFLECTION 1 Self-Reflection: Psychology of Women Critical Thinking Paper 1 Hillary Cohen University of Maryland SELF-REFLECTION 2 My name is Hillary Cohen and I identify as a Jewish straight American woman. I grew up in a Conservative community surrounded by people who were a little more and a little less religious than I was. While growing up, my parents always made sure to let me and my sisters know that we could do anythingRead MoreReflection Paper On Educational Psychology2629 Words   |  11 PagesErna Ananna Professor Gefen CEDF 710, Educational Psychology Date: 17th December, 2014 Fieldwork Reflection I. Introduction: Few weeks ago, I had an opportunity to observe a fifth grade inclusive classroom in P.S. 146, Anna M. Short School which is located in the Upper East Side of Manhattan. They had a total of 32 students where 16 of them are boys and 16 of them are girls. The class has collaborative teaching system. One of the class teachers is specialized on Special Education. They have totalRead MorePsychology Paper and Self Reflection1978 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-Reflection Related to Influential Psychology Theories When psychologists were first acknowledged they began studying behaviors and biological processes. There are numerous recognized psychologists that have contributed to the seven major perspectives of today’s modern psychology. These theories include: Evolutionary theory, sociocultural theory, biopsychological theory, psychoanalytic theory, cognitivism, humanistic theory and behaviorism. The three theories that I would like to describe,Read MoreReflection Paper : Multicultural Counseling And Psychology1256 Words   |  6 PagesOnce I began to read the first few chapters of the book I began to recognize words and details that I have previously been introduced too. Thinking back to when and what classes I have had the same experience, I recall Multicultural Counseling and Psychology. Stepping out my comfort zone is what really came to mind. Growing up in a society that has changed so much over the years you would think that I would be used to it; however, asking to look at y our community with a different set of eyes is uncomfortableRead MoreEthics And Standards For Professional Psychology1264 Words   |  6 PagesReligious Use in a Therapeutic Setting Ophelia Lee Kaplan University Ethics and Standards for Professional Psychology Professor Peter Lenz May 4, 2015 This paper addresses the complexity of spirituality and religion in a therapeutic setting. This paper includes examples and information regarding upholding the Ethics Code while using religion and spiritual reasoning in psychology. It addresses the issues of a multi-faith setting, information and research on omitting religion and spiritualityRead MoreThe Profession Of Counselling Psychology1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The profession of counselling psychology has developed hugely during the past decade, this paper aims to provide a concise and general exploration of the nature of counselling psychology, it’s development history, where it stands among other traditional approaches, and how disciplines of psychology is linked with a range of models of psychotherapy. In 1982 counselling psychology started developing as a section within the British Psychological Society, and in 1994 it was then recognized

The Manufacture and Use of Cigarettes Should Be Made Illegal Free Essays

The manufacture and use of cigarettes should be illegal. This is not just a simple statement. It is an undisputable fact. We will write a custom essay sample on The Manufacture and Use of Cigarettes Should Be Made Illegal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cigarette smoking is a detriment to every society in which it is practiced. Firstly, cigarette smoking impinges one’s health. Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide, which are found in tobacco. The daily intakes of these chemicals have devastating effects on the body. Every puff, every cigarette, every pack consumed destroys the body slowly but surely. Airways, lungs, heart and blood vessels suffer daily from the effects of the intake of numerous damaging substances. The effects of smoking includes an increase in the risk of getting throat cancer, lung cancer, heart diseases, it increases the amount of red blood cells in the body which could lead to a stroke or heart failure. Cigarette smoking also affects the skin and male and female reproductive organs. It can also significantly decrease the smoker’s life span. Besides impinging one’s health, smoking impinges one’s wealth. No tobacco product is taxed more heavily than cigarettes. One might therefore say that the manufacturing of cigarette is beneficial to governments and to the building up of one’s nation. However, when we add up the amount of money one spends on buying cigarettes, the amount of money spent on medical bills, the amount spent for heart transplants, rehabilitation centers and funeral homes, is that really so? Hard earned money is being thrown down the drain all for the sake of cigarettes. Thirdly, cigarette manufacture and smoking has a negative impact on our environment. Deforestation is considered one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide. Modern cigarette manufacturing uses wood to cure the tobacco and to roll and package the cigarettes. A cigarette manufacturing machine uses approximately four miles of paper per hour to roll and package cigarettes. It is estimated that for every three hundred cigarettes produced one tree is consumed. It is believed deforestation is changing the world’s climate and contributing to global warming. Cigarette smoking also produces carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, hereby further contributing to global warming. The large amount of pesticides and fertilizers necessary for the cultivation of tobacco also contributes to the pollution of our waterways and ecological systems. Cigarette butts take approximately twenty-five years to decompose. Through improper disposal they end up in our seas, rivers and lakes. Different animals and fish eat them by mistake and can die since they are unable to digest the filters. Cigarettes are one of the leading causes for fatal household fires, also affecting the environment. Finally, besides affecting one’s health, wealth and environment, cigarette smoking also affects the rights of non-smokers and children. Second hand smoke can also kill and is considered to be worst than first hand smoke. A person who chooses to smoke chooses to die. However, why should he choose whether the people around him should die too? Who gave him the right to decide who lives or dies? Many people, specifically the children of smokers, are exposed to second hand smoke. As a result many people who do not smoke suffer from respiratory problems due to no fault of theirs. Cigarette manufacture and smoking is indeed detrimental to a person’s health, to their financial status and to the environment. It therefore affects society in many ways. In order for a nation to have stronger, healthier persons in their society, use less government funds for health institutions and programs to quit smoking, not infringe on the rights of non-smokers and children, and to have a cleaner environment, the manufacture and smoking of cigarettes should be made illegal. How to cite The Manufacture and Use of Cigarettes Should Be Made Illegal, Papers

Business Strategy Aviation Industry Across World

Question: Describe about the Business Strategy for Aviation Industry Across World. Answer: Introduction The aims and purpose of this particular assignment are to focus on the key objectives of the aviation industry in India. The selected airline company in the assignment is AirAsia, which is one of the low cost airline industries across the world. Its headquarters is situated near Kuala Lumpur, and it is one of the largest aviation organizations when measured regarding flight size and destinations (AirAsia, 2016). The overall Airline Industry across the world is a complex concept, and there are different kinds of competitions, which exists in every corner. The study will focus on five important questions, which will highlight the business operations and competitive analysis of AirAsia. Analysis of the Macro Environment to evaluate the Aviation Industry in India The answer to this particular question will highlight the macro environment analysis of the selected airline company, AirAsia. The application a proper macro environment analysis will emphasize the use of an appropriate and relevant market tool, termed as PEST Analysis. With the utilization of this particular environmental analysis tool, AirAsia will be able to analyze all the major factors, of the external environment (Aras Crowther, 2012). There are four major points, which are analyzed to evaluate all the major factors. Factors Case Evidence Positive (Opportunities) Negative (Threat) Political One of the major economic factors in the all the airline industry is the fluctuations of the oil prices. Recently, the recession hit the aviation business, however with this economy slowing down the majority of the passengers want to enjoy the journey at a lower cost. Analyze the external factors Economical This particular Malaysian-based airline industry has faced certain operational issues while operating its business outside Malaysia mainly when the price of fuel increased. Help in the financial decision making process Social Due to the fact of growing population worldwide, tourists and some educated people are helpful for the expansion of this particular industry. Help to analyze the demographic conditions Technology The final factor is the application of the technology in the aviation sector. The organization follows different crucial element, which will conclude about the progression of the technological advancement. AirAsia provides the combination of air ticketing as well as hotel bookings, car hire, and travel insurance. However, the organization launched one of the major packages, which includes GO Holiday (AirAsia, 2016). Helps in technological advancement Figure 1: PEST Analysis of AirAsia Analysis of the Aviation Industry in India based on Air Asia and its Competitors The answer to this particular question will analyze all the important factors, which will contribute the competitiveness of AirAsia while operating its business in Asia and an attractive industry for AirAsia. Some of the crucial elements in this particular industry include cost factor, government policies, economic challenges and competition in the sector. In order to develop proper competitive business tactics, there are certain essential business tactics, which the organization applies in the overall business, policies. Some of the important features of this particular business organization include the following points. These are the crucial points, which conclude the aviation sector of the India. India is good place for the aviation Industry and has an aim of becoming the third largest aviation sector globally by the year 2020. The business opportunity in the country for AirAsia has a good prospect because of the growing demands. In order to operate in the Indian Aviation Industry the following factors need to analyze in order to develop an effective marketing plan. Development of a single passenger class, providing a minimum set of facilities in the industry, reducing the cost of acquisitions and maintenance process and emphasis on direct sales of tickets and employees working in multiple roles are some of the key factors of competitiveness (Armstrong Kotler, 2013). It is important to conclude about the economic background of India, which is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The government contributes as one of the vital roles towards supporting and encouraging new industries into the economy. Competition is one of the major parts in every business (Grewal Levy, 2013). However, in order to evaluate a proper solution, AirAsia need to develop an appropriate pricing strategy, as it is one of the major factors, which hampers the purchasing decisions of the customers. VIRO Methods contributes four important factors, which will focus on Value, Rareness, Imitability and Organization. The VIRO Analysis is an analytical technique concludes different kinds of survival dimension for the organization as well as for its competitors. Suppliers Power The power of suppliers is immerse in the aviation industry because there are three inputs that the airline industry need to focus which includes fuel, aircraft and labor. Buyers Power Due to the low carrier cost the buyers power is becoming very high as there are different kinds of close alternative options are available. Entry and Exit Barriers In this particular industry the mode of entry and the mode of exit is not restricted, as nay firms can start their business at anytime and left the market at anytime. Threat of Substitutes The options of the passengers is much diversified, if any particular group of customers is not satisfied it they will automatically shift to the next alternative option. Competitive Rivalry This particular industry is very much competitive, as there are many companies operating its business in the same sector. Table 2: Porters five forces Strategic resources and competencies of Air Asia There are certain organizational aims and objectives, which majorities of the business firms tries to accomplish in the business operations. Strategies are developed by different organizations, which will allow the activities of the business to run in a smoother manner. However, resources of the organizations are limited (Hitt, Black, Porter, 2012). The answer will evaluate the overall strategic capabilities by matching the requirements of the company. Majorities of the firms try to ensure in the optimum utilizations of resources. There are certain classifications of resources, which include financial resources, organizational designs, and corporate resources, and technological resources are some of the key resources, which the organization focuses on. Competitive Analysis of Air Asia through strategic capabilities Companies belonging to any industries have direct as well as indirect competitors. AirAsia is one of the major aviation companies, which operates its business across the major cities of the globes. Some of the core competitors of AirAsia reflected in the following part of the study. Malaysian Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Thai Air and Air Sri Lanka are some of the most significant competitors of AirAsia. However, on other airlines, AirAsia provides better value for money through strategic capabilities (Hasan, 2012). Nevertheless, towards evaluating all the crucial factors, the application of the SWOT Analysis will conclude what are the different kinds of factors, which affects both the external environment as well as the internal environment. Some of the important factors, which this particular airline industry develops in order to conclude its strategic choices, are as follows. Development of a proper market penetration process, which includes retaliation from the competition, enhan cing the service, which includes mass customization by combining the strategic capabilities are the two important factors. The final factor is the process of market development, which concludes the competitive advantages. Drawbacks and loopholes of Air Asia There are particular challenges as well as the weakness of the AirAsia in the overall business operations. Massive investment is required for the organization to purchase airplanes and implement the latest technology, which includes a high amount of operational cost (AirAsia, 2016). It is one of the low cost airline services across the world, which provides all the customers to get tickets at affordable prices. On the other hand, due to this particular reason, there are some significant drawbacks in the operational management of the organization. As compared with other premium airline services, the company in some respect lacks in different kinds technological advancement SWOT Analysis of Air Asia The application of SWOT Analysis is one of the most valuable marketing tools, which majorities of the organization irrespective of the nature of the business follows in the process of developing a proper business plan. With the application of this particular tool, AirAsia will be able to develop a good situation analysis process, which will scan both the internal environment as well as the external environment (Hood, 2013). Strength and Weakness are the two factors, which will conclude the factors that will examine the internal environment on the other hand; the reaming two factors will scan the external environment, which includes opportunities and weakness. FACTORS ANALYSIS Strength The company maintains a strong brand name in the aviation industry. The airline industry is one of the low cost airline organizations all over Asia. AirAsia maintains a strong management team, which coordinates with governments and other airline industries. Based on different reports the aviation company has performed a remarkable job towards the utilization process of IT. Weakness One of the major weakness of AirAsia is the organization do not have its own repairs and maintenance services. There are some complements made by the passengers about the services There are certain challenges faced by the companies towards investing for new airplanes. Opportunity The organization has developed a proper target market, keeping in mind the requirements of the middle class people. ASEAN open Skies has been reached. Low cost services. Treats Increase in competitions. Based on certain statistical reports the overall profit margin of AirAsia is around 30%, which attracted many competitors. Customers worry about safety. Table 3: SWOT Analysis of AirAsia Application of SWOT Analysis and identification of the key issues in Indian Industry The aviation sector of India witnessed high growth in all the major aspects of the business. The answer to this particular question will address all the issues, which AirAsia need to analyze before entering into new markets. However, there are some important points, which need to investigate by the organization before going into the Indian market. Some of the key issues which this particular aviation sector faced based on the SWOT Analysis are highlighted in the following part of the study (Wong Brooks, 2015). High operational cost, Cost of fuel is very much high, shortage of maintaining facilities, congestion at airports and much more are some of the important factors, which contributes as some of the vital issues in the overall aviation industry in India (Kotler, 2012). However, AirAsia operates its business operations in the major cities of the globe. India is one of the developing nations. Some of the key attributes of a developing country are fewer household incomes, weak economic growths, and entry of low cost carriers, less sustain business growths, and less supporting government policies are some of the key factors, which affects the overall India aviation industry (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). In order to develop a proper market plan for market penetrations based on the findings of the SWOT Analysis, AirAsia needs to analyze all these vital factors for the development of a proper marketing plan. Development of business level Strategies of Air Asia Strategies are developed by the organization by keeping in mind the common goals and objectives of the organization. The target market, which is adopted by AirAsia, comprises mainly of middle-class passengers. The overall objective of AirAsia is to provide an affordable service to its customers. Nevertheless, some of the key strategic actions, which are adopted by AirAsia, are reflected in the following part of the assignment. Single Class Service It is one of the low cost airline services, which offers a single class service without other options at sustainable low prices. As compared with the other aviation industry, the company only believes towards providing service only in aviation (Kotler Keller, 2012). There is a lack of entertainment facilities offered by the organization, which do not include meals, entertainment amenities, loyalty programs points and access to airport lounges. These business strategies help the organization to reduce the clearing and maintenance cost, loading and uploading time and cost improving process efficiencies by maintaining lower cost and much more (Robinson, 2012). Low Fixed Costs This particular organization has done a remarkable job while retaining a proper low cost throughout its operational activities. The organization strongly believes towards developing a proper as well as a proper pricing strategy, as it is one of the crucial factors, which affects the purchasing decisions of the buyers (Kurtz Boone, 2012). AirAsia successfully maintained an low overall cost of different activities, which includes low rates for its long-term maintenance, and low airport fees. Developing these overall strategies has reflected towards developing a low price in the tickets. Analysis of the primary drivers of Air Asia in Indian Aviation Industry The answer to this particular question will evaluate the possessed geographic sources of advantages. Researchers have not developed a single coherent of the drivers of success towards entering in a new market. Growth is one of the major concerns in this particular industry. Some of the key primary drivers include growth in national income, growth in the middle class income, investments in airports and related infrastructure and many more are some of the key drivers in this particular industry (Peoples, 2012). The mode of entry is one of the crucial factors, which different organizations including AirAsia need to evaluate in the overall business plan. The analysis of the overall key driver includes the company does not have to commit resources for setting up business facilities (Glassman et al., 2015). On the other hand, in many cases the cost of production obtained by contract, the cost of providing services becomes lower in the overall business activities. Recommendation for Air Asia to address the key issues Developing a proper business plan which will match the demographic conditions The primary part in any business operations is to analyze the demographic conditions of the selected country. In a developing country such as India, the notion of the demographic conditions contributes as one of the most significant aspect (Pride, 2012). However, AirAsia has done an excellent job towards the process of developing a proper financial plan towards the process of evaluating a proper pricing strategy (Timmis, 2015). In India, the majority of the people are from middle background. The overall pricing decisions reflect the buying decisions of the customers. However, AirAsia is one of the organizations, which provides low cost carrier services across the globe. Develop a proper Situation Analysis procedure in order to specify the key issues In order to address the key issues the organization need to analyze all the key factors in both the internal environment as well as in the external environment. With the application of a proper situation analysis procedure by using different kinds of marketing tools, AirAsia will be able to address the key issues in the overall business proceedings (Robbins Coulter, 2012). The two important marketing tools include the application of SWOT Analysis and the application of PESTEL Analysis, which will evaluate all the barriers, and challenges of the aviation sector for AirAsia in both the environments. Application of SAFe criteria for recommendations Planning is one of the crucial parts and on the other hand, implementation of planning is equally important. There are three important factors, which will conclude the SAFe criteria for the implementation of the recommendations includes suitability, acceptability and feasibility. The overall objective towards developing a proper business plan is to gather a proper sustainability in the business proceedings and operations (Eriksson Steenhuis, 2015). Some of the key examples which the organization need to focus on towards the use apply a proper SAFe criteria for recommendations includes market penetration, market development and service development in order to meet the requirements of the customers (McManners, 2016). Conclusion The selected organization in the study is AirAsia and the assignment will focus on towards the evolution process of a proper Business Strategy. The overall assignment contains five crucial parts, which describes about the key strategies of AirAsia in the business plan. The application of macro environmental analysis, competitors analysis and situation analysis are some of the key objectives, which focus on the process of concluding and summering a proper business plan. The recommendation part is the most crucial part, which will analyze all the key attributes towards address the key issues in the aviation industry of India. Reference List AirAsia,. (2016).AirAsia Malaysia | Book cheap flights online to over 100 destinations!.Airasia.com. Retrieved 6 September 2016, from https://www.airasia.com/my/en/home.page Aras, G. Crowther, D. (2012).Business strategy and sustainability. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (2013).Marketing. Boston: Prentice Hall. Eriksson, S., Steenhuis, H. J. (Eds.). (2015).The Global Commercial Aviation Industry. Routledge. Glassman, A. M., Newcomer, J. M., Earnhardt, M. P., Opengart, R. A., Watkins, D. V., Marion, J. W. (2015). Validating the knowledge, skills, and abilities composite measure: An aviation industry pilot study. Grewal, D. Levy, M. (2013).Marketing. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. Hasan, M. (2012).Politics of global civil aviation industry. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken: LAP Lambert academic publishing. Hitt, M., Black, S., Porter, L. (2012).Management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hood, D. (2013).The marketing manifesto. London: Kogan Page. Kotler, P. (2012).Principles of marketing. Singapore: Pearson/Prentice-Hall. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Kurtz, D. Boone, L. (2012).Principles of contemporary marketing. Australia: Southwestern Cengage Learning. McManners, P. J. (2016). Developing policy integrating sustainability: A case study into aviation.Environmental Science Policy,57, 86-92. Peoples, J. (2012).Pricing behavior and non-price characteristics in the airline industry. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Pride, W. (2012).Marketing principles. South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning. Robbins, S. Coulter, M. (2012).Management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Robinson, Z. (2012).Sustainability. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. Timmis, A. J., Hodzic, A., Koh, L., Bonner, M., Soutis, C., Schfer, A. W., Dray, L. (2015). Environmental impact assessment of aviation emission reduction through the implementation of composite materials.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,20(2), 233-243. Wong, S., Brooks, N. (2015). Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry.Journal of Air Transport Management,48, 60-64.